Bipolar membrane electrodialysis for treatment of sodium acetate waste residue

The BMED firstly uses a BP-A-C-BP configuration to select an optimized current density of ∼50 mA/cm2. Afterwards, four membrane stack configurations are compared including BP-A-C-BP, C-BP-A-C, BP-C-BP and BP-A-BP. In consideration of the high current efficiency, low energy consumption, and high concentrations of the produced acid/base, C-BP-A-C is a favorable configuration. Finally, the addition of a strong acid 001 ∗ 7 type of cation-exchange resin into acid compartment can substantially decrease the voltage drop across the stack and reduce the energy consumption. The C-BP-A-C configuration at 50 mA/cm2 can have a high output (0.491 mol/L CH3COOH and 0.556 mol/L NaOH), high current efficiency (87.7% for CH3COOH and 99.0% for NaOH), and a relatively low energy consumption (22.3 kW h/kg CH3COOH and 29.7 kW h/kg NaOH). Overall, this study illustrates the practical significance of BMED process for treating sodium acetate waste residue, including reducing soil and water pollution and producing valuable products in insecticide industries.