Hydrophobic PVDF membrane via two-stage soft coagulation bath system for Membrane Gas Absorption of CO2

► Low polymer concentration prevented the formation of dense skin layer. ► Porous, hydrophobic membrane with improved CO2 removal produced at casting thickness of 400 μm. ► Increased NMP concentration in second coagulation bath increase the membrane hydrophobicity. ► Increased NMP concentration in second coagulation bath increase the CO2 removal efficiency. ► Increased NMP concentration in second coagulation bath increase the porosity of the membranes.