An improved fitness evaluation mechanism with noise in prisoner's dilemma game

The prisoner's dilemma game is a simple model to understand the evolution of cooperation in complex systems. In this work, we introduce the element of noise to the payoffs of the spatial prisoner's dilemma game and study its effects on the evolution of cooperations. A tunable parameter, termed as the noise strength (α), is introduced into the model to mimic the effects of noise in the individual fitness calculation. Our modified model remarkably promotes the behavior of cooperation, which may help us to better understand the emergence of cooperation in natural, social and economical systems.