Deliberative Democratic Monetary Valuation to implement the Ecosystem Approach

- Deliberative Democratic Monetary Valuation (DDMV) method development.
- DDMV used in implementation of the Ecosystem Approach participatory principles.
- DDMV builds on Habermasian ideals of Communicative Rationality and Action.
- DDMV was applied to consider marine ecosystem services in a broader social context.
- Demonstrates the democratic value of DDMV but inclusivity concerns remain.

The potential for developing the participatory dimensions of the Ecosystem Approach are examined through the work of Habermas to guide the design of Deliberative Democratic Monetary Valuation (DDMV) and elicit social willingness to pay. DDMV is contrasted with Deliberated Preferences approaches, which are a deliberative adaptation of stated preference techniques and comprise almost all Deliberative Monetary Valuation studies so far. In a detailed case study where coastal and marine cultural ecosystem services were set within a broader societal context, DDMV was undertaken through three iterative workshops involving a single group of participants representing local residents and different interests across the public, private and third sectors. The use of DDMV generates insights into its potential for securing a socially sustainable route to environmental management: sustainable development that brings together values for ecosystem services with other social priorities, is more inclusive of diverse user needs and values, and is sensitive to issues of environmental justice. As well as highlighting the benefits and challenges that a more democratic deliberative valuation presents, we highlight the practical strengths and vulnerabilities of this approach and indicate directions for further methodological evolution of DDMV.