Accurate prediction of continuous blood glucose based on support vector regression and differential evolution algorithm

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease requiring patients to know their blood glucose values in order to ensure blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. Hence, the ability to predict blood glucose levels is of a great interest for clinical researchers. In this sense, the literature is rich with several solutions that can predict blood glucose levels. Unfortunately, these methods require the patient to specific their daily activities: meal intake, insulin injection and emotional factors, which can be error prone. To reduce this burden on the patent, this work proposes to use only continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data to predict blood glucose levels independently of other factors. To support this, support vector regression (SVR) and differential evolution (DE) algorithms were investigated. The proposed method is validated using real CGM data of 12 patients. The obtained average of root mean square error (RMSE) was 9.44, 10.78, 11.82 and 12.95 mg/dL for prediction horizon (PH) respectively equal to 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. The results of the present study and comparison with some previous works show that the proposed method holds promise. The SVR based on DE algorithm achieved high prediction accuracy while being robustness, automatic, and requiring no human intervention.