Enhanced catalytic performance of zeolite ZSM-5 for conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether by combining alkaline treatment and partial activation

- Parent ZSM-5 showed a decline of DME selectivity and methanol conversion over time.
- Alkaline treatment created extra mesoporosity and improved diffusion capability.
- Partial activation selectively retained ammonium cations and moderated acidity.
- Modified ZSM-5 exhibited enhanced catalytic performance due to synergy effect.