Solvation and acid strength effects on catalysis by faujasite zeolites

► Protons are counted directly by titration with Na+, CH3 groups via dimethyl ether, and 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine. ► There are fewer protons than framework aluminum atoms on FAU zeolites. ► Na+ stoichiometrically replaces H+ sites that are similar in reactivity and acid strength. ► Thermal treatments do not create Brønsted acid sites of increased strength. ► Thermal and chemical treatments influence supercage void size and solvation properties.