A Peclet number based analysis of mixed convection for lid-driven porous square cavities with various heating of bottom wall

Mixed convection flows in a lid-driven square cavity filled with porous medium are studied numerically using penalty finite element analysis for uniform and non-uniform heating of bottom wall. The relevant parameters in the present study are Darcy number (Da = 10− 5− 10− 5), Grashof number (Gr = 103− 105), Prandtl number (Pr = 0.026−10) and Reynolds number (Re = 1−102). The influence of convection is analyzed with Peclet number (Pe = Re.Pr). It is observed that the temperature profiles are symmetric for low values of Pe or Pr even in the presence of asymmetric flow fields irrespective of Da. The flow distribution affects significantly temperature distributions at high Pe irrespective of Da. Effect of Peclet numbers have been further investigated for both natural convection and forced convection dominant regimes at high Da. Strong coupling between flow fields and temperature are observed at high Pe. It is interesting to observe that large isothermal mixing zone at Pr = 10 reduces the overall flow strength compared to Pr = 0.026 case. Local Nusselt numbers show almost uniform and low values for low Peclet numbers and localized enhanced heat transfer rates are observed for high Peclet numbers at Da = 10− 3.