The border effect on urban land expansion in China: The case of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Since the seminal contribution of McCallum (1995), border study has been introduced to broader fields. However, it's still a puzzle that how administrative boundaries affect the process of urban land expansion. In this study, we develop the Stage Model of Border Effect on urban land expansion based on Core-Periphery Theory and divide the evolutive process of border effect into four stages: the invisibility stage of administrative boundaries, the differentiation stage of administrative boundaries, the channelization stage of administrative boundaries and the evaporation stage of administrative boundaries. In the model, urban land distribution of different cities in urban agglomeration is in high-level balance after the evolution which is from low-level equilibrium to none-equilibrium state during the invisibility stage and the evaporation stage. Then, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is fully studied based on conditionalβconvergence analysis. Research results show that the model is well adapted to empirical study and evolutive process of border effect on urban land expansion in the region experienced the invisibility stage of administrative boundaries, the differentiation stage of administrative boundaries and the channelization stage of administrative boundaries from 1990 to 2010. We also find that the wider the gap between cities of different administrative ranks is, the larger the border effect tends to be. When border effects of different cities are equal and measure results are “1″, process of urban land expansion enter the evaporation stage of administrative boundaries. Additionally, impact of boundaries on urban land expansion is a long-term and cumulative process. The longer the research period is, the more significant the border effect tends to be. These findings can serve as basis of theoretical support and policy recommendations in breaking restriction of boundaries, delimiting the urban growth boundary and contributing to the rational expansion of urban land.