Land use, energy retraining and new instruments of negotiation in Italy: The case of Trieste

In this case study TDR is developed as a hybrid instrument, aimed at regulating, motivating and negotiating at the same time. Its working strategy can be considered as an anomalous distributive policy which shares costs and benefits among the actors involved in the instrument implementation through a market-led mechanism, producing several possible types of outcomes. One of the main issues is that the capability of the instrument to self-regulate itself during the implementation phase seems to be very hard to achieve. As a consequence, the role of public authorities in the implementation phase remains an open issue.