Introducing territorial and historical contexts and critical thresholds in the analysis of conservation of agro-biodiversity by Alternative Food Networks, in Tuscany, Italy

This paper analyses the contribution of Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) to the conservation of agro-biodiversity. After reviewing the literature to identify existing approaches and methodologies to assess the environmental impacts of AFNs, the need to introduce territorial and historical contexts and critical thresholds to specifically analyse AFNs impacts on agro-biodiversity is highlighted. By building on these critical aspects, an operational approach is proposed and adopted to analyse two case studies on the role played by AFNs in conserving local agro-biodiversity in Tuscany, Italy: the cherry varieties of ciliegia di Lari and the local bovine breed of Calvana, both at risk of extinction. The scope of these two case studies is to understand if and how conservation of local agro-biodiversity is enhanced by AFNs and, if this is the case, what are the causes for AFNs having positive impacts on agro-biodiversity conservation. From results of the two case studies it is possible to highlight the suitability and usefulness of the approach proposed, not just to identify the actual or potential contribution of the two AFNs to biodiversity conservation, but also to formulate policy recommendations for local rural development.