Simultaneous growth of rutile TiO2 as 1D/3D nanorod/nanoflower on FTO in one-step process enhances electrochemical response of photoanode in DSSC

Simultaneous growth of 1D/3D-nanorod/nanoflower like structures of TiO2 without significant change in their surface oxidation states (Ti3 + and Ti4 +) had better capabilities for light harvesting in DSSC to achieve higher sensitivity.