In situ X-ray diffraction for millisecond-order dynamics of BaZrO3 nanoparticle formation in supercritical water

- In situ high-energy X-ray diffraction was conducted in supercritical water.
- BaZrO3 formation on the order of milliseconds was successfully observed.
- A first-principles calculation was used to study Ba defect in BaZrO3.