CO2 transport: Data and models - A review

This review considers data and models for CO2 transport. The thermophysical properties of CO2 and CO2-rich mixtures are needed as a basis for various models within CO2 capture and storage (CCS). In particular, this is true for transient models of pipes and vessels. Here, the data situation for phase equilibria, density, speed of sound, viscosity and thermal conductivity is reviewed, and property models are considered. Further, transient flow data and models for pipes are reviewed, including considerations regarding running-ductile fractures, which are essential to understand for safety. A depressurization case study based on recently published expansion-tube data is included as well. Non-equilibrium modelling of flow and phase equilibria are reviewed. Further, aspects related to the transport of CO2 by ship are considered. Many things are known about CO2 transport, e.g., that it is feasible and safe. However, if full-scale CCS were to be deployed today, conservative design and operational decisions would have to be made due to the lack of quantitative validated models.