Pressure drop of TiO2 nanofluid in circular pipes

This study developed new empirical equations for the friction factor for both laminar and turbulent flows in circular pipes of TiO2/water nanofluid, and the maximum deviations between calculated and experimental results were within the ranges of −6.17% to 3.55% and −3.08% to 3.81%, respectively. Experimental setup for measuring pressure drop.