Sustainability assessment of energy saving measures: A multi-criteria approach for residential buildings retrofitting-A case study of the Spanish housing stock

- A multi-criteria methodology for the analysis of retrofitting solutions is proposed.
- LCA and LCC are combined by expressing environmental impacts in monetary values.
- A Pareto optimization is used to select the preferred strategies.
- The methodology is illustrated by a case study in Madrid, Spain.
- Business as usual scenario is far from being an optimal solution.