Mechanism of high amplitude low frequency fluctuations in a pump-turbine in pump mode

Pumped storage technology has become the most important energy storage technology in industry today. The instabilities of pump-turbines as key parts of pumped storage power plants have become critical issues in development of pump storage technology. High-amplitude pressure fluctuations are one of such instabilities. In this study, unsteady numerical simulations were carried out in the pump mode of a pump-turbine at using the shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. Performance characteristics agree well with experimental data. Unsteady characteristics of typical operating points were obtained. The results show that there are high-amplitude pressure fluctuations at the partial operating points. The frequency characteristics and the propagation law of an at-large partial operating point (0.74QBEP) were determined using time and frequency domain analysis methods (bispectrum, coherence) in combination with the flow field. The analysis results reveal that high-amplitude pressure fluctuations at point 0.74QBEP result from the rotation of Dean Vortices in the draft tube. Due to the rotation of the Dean Vortices, the blocking intensity of the two regions in the guide vane and the stay vane passages are periodically changed at a frequency 0.58fn, which results in a shock phenomenon in the guide/stay vanes.