Load serving entity interactions on residential energy management strategy: A two-level approach

A massive motivation has been made on in-home energy management (iHEM) strategies aimed to cooperate with each other in integrated residential areas. Such an approach could make sense in satisfying the objectives of load serving entity (LSE), too. To make such concepts, residential energy management (REM) approach, in interaction with LSE, is proposed pursuing two objectives. The main goal of these objectives is to modify microgrid day-ahead load profile by considering the minimized total daily energy costs of homes. In this regard, in the first level, the objective pursues a minimum energy cost for each home. In the second level, the minimum load profile deviation for microgrid is tracked. Moreover, the obtained homes minimum costs which are achieved in the first level are assigned as running constraints of the second level optimization. In the present study, in addition to existing fixed-loads, iHEM systems are responsible for adjusting shiftable appliances commitment, charging/discharging intervals of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs), and roof-top photovoltaic (PV) panels. Efficient linearization methods are considered to avert non-linear nature of the established model to a linear one. To investigate the efficiency of the proposed approach, the obtained simulation results are explored carefully.