Quantitative frequency security assessment method considering cumulative effect and its applications in frequency control

Rising wind and solar generation penetrations change power system frequency behaviors significantly. Large disturbances may cause serious frequency deviations and lead to stability problems. It is important to provide a comprehensive and quantitative frequency security assessment (FSA) method for situation awareness and control decision-making in power systems. In this paper, a new FSA approach considering cumulative effect of frequency deviations on power equipment is proposed to quantitatively assess the impact of power system frequency deviations. It provides a unified expression of frequency security index (FSI) and has advantages of linearity, smoothness and monotonicity over existing methods. The FSI is calculated based on frequency trajectory obtained from wide-area measurement system (WAMS) or numerical simulations by which wind and solar generation can be taken into account. With sensitivity analysis of frequency security margin, the proposed FSA method has been applied to critical disturbance and critical control amount searching with frequency security constraints. The searching procedure is easy to implement, and computationally efficient with good convergence. The feasibility of the proposed FSA method and its applications are demonstrated on the 10-machine 39-bus New England test system.