Carrot and stick model for dynamic secondary radio spectrum trade with QoS optimization

This research proposes a secondary spectrum trade model based on a carrot and stick rule to keep the business in the SSMs competitive and fair using monetary incentives and penalties based on participation behaviors. A methodology for QoS optimization using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) with respect to those requested by the SUs is implemented. The simulation results indicate that the overall revenues of the participating PLOs with unfair bidding behaviors are lowered due to the incurrence of penalty costs.