Agricultural planning of annual plants under demand, maturation, harvest, and yield risk

► A model for a firm that evaluates different farms for contract farming is presented. ► The farm areas and seeding times at the farms are determined to maximize the profit. ► Maturation time, harvest time, yield, and demand uncertainties are modeled together. ► A case study in tomato farming is presented. ► Numerical results show that the proposed methodology improves the profit substantially compared to other methods.