Proposing a centralized algorithm to minimize message broadcasting energy in wireless sensor networks using directional antennas

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) are utilized in many fields such as environmental monitoring and military applications. The nodes of WSNs are not rechargeable, so energy conservation in these networks is important. One of the important issues in these networks is to optimize energy in message broadcasting. Depending on the ability of nodes and antennas, broadcasting is done in two means: directional and omni-directional antennas. There are centralized algorithms to broadcast message in wireless networks either by directional or omni-directional antennas. The problem of minimizing energy in broadcasting and multicasting is Non-polynomial-hard. In this paper, a centralized algorithm is proposed to improve energy and running time of the algorithm by using directional antennas. As evolutionary algorithms by omni-directional antenna are better than heuristic algorithms in terms of the time and the average result; a new approach based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) as an evolutionary algorithm is proposed in this paper. We have also considered and evaluated most of famous evolutionary algorithms such as Simulated Annealing (SA), genetic algorithm (GA), Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), Harmony Search (HS) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The experiment results indicate that the proposed method is effective especially in term of energy conservation.