Sensor modelling and camera calibration for close-range photogrammetry

Metric calibration is a critical prerequisite to the application of modern, mostly consumer-grade digital cameras for close-range photogrammetric measurement. This paper reviews aspects of sensor modelling and photogrammetric calibration, with attention being focussed on techniques of automated self-calibration. Following an initial overview of the history and the state of the art, selected topics of current interest within calibration for close-range photogrammetry are addressed. These include sensor modelling, with standard, extended and generic calibration models being summarised, along with non-traditional camera systems. Self-calibration via both targeted planar arrays and targetless scenes amenable to SfM-based exterior orientation are then discussed, after which aspects of calibration and measurement accuracy are covered. Whereas camera self-calibration is largely a mature technology, there is always scope for additional research to enhance the models and processes employed with the many camera systems nowadays utilised in close-range photogrammetry.