Rediscovering the therapeutic potential of Amaranthus species: A review

Extracts of Amaranthus have been used to treat several ailments since ancient times. However, Amaranthus spp. has seen a resurgence of interest in recent decades. Literature summarization of in vitro and in vivo studies established that Amaranthus spp. has several protective and curative properties attributed majorly to strong antioxidant activity. This comprehensive review critically analyzes folklore claims of Amaranthus with scientific evidences, delineating its phytochemical based nutra-pharmaceutical properties and emphasizes clinical utility of the plant in various chronic diseases, also defining gap areas for future clinical research. Data on 13 edible Amaranthus spp. was acquired via an electronic search including regional scientific journals, theses, books and government reports. These results provide an in-depth analysis of biological effects of major bioactive ingredients present in crude extracts of specific bioparts. However, bioavailability and underlying mechanism of action of constituents isolated from Amaranthus spp. have not been worked out, thus necessitating focused research in this arena.