Nonlinear glucose–insulin control considering delays—Part II: Control algorithm

• An estimation based model predictive controller is presented.
• Pre-clinical in silico test with UVa/Padova virtual patient software was performed.
• The BGL was maintained within the acceptable range while avoiding hypoglycemia.
• The proposed controller׳s performance was evaluated with that of two other schemes.

The closed loop control of blood glucose levels in a nonlinear glucose–insulin regulatory system is considered in this paper. Based on the subcutaneous glucose sensor readings, a control algorithm is designed and implemented. A mathematical model characterizing the ultradian oscillatory nature of the glucose–insulin regulatory system of diabetic patients is considered and an estimation based model predictive control scheme with physiological and actuator constraints is implemented. An in silico preclinical testing is done to corroborate the control algorithm using the UVa/Padova virtual patient software.