Optimal energy management for a diesel hybrid electric vehicle considering transient PM and quasi-static NOx emissions

In this paper, optimal energy management strategies are derived to balance fuel consumption, raw particulate matter (PM) emissions, and raw nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions for a Diesel hybrid electric vehicle. Two methods for the derivation of these strategies are compared. One method is based on dynamic programming and steady-state engine maps only. The second method is based on dynamic programming, steady-state engine maps, and a validated transient PM emission model. As a result, only the second method allows for the generation of smooth engine set point trajectories to reduce transient PM emissions without compromising fuel consumption and NOx emissions.