Uncertainty estimates of tracer gas dilution flow measurements in large-scale exhaust ducts

Accurate measurements of volume or mass flow in large conduits can be difficult to achieve due to non-ideal flow characteristics such as asymmetry of the velocity profile and off-axis flow components due to swirl. The tracer gas dilution method is independent of these and other non-ideal flow characteristics, but relies on the conservation and uniform mixing of the tracer. This study demonstrates the application of the tracer gas dilution method to measure the volume flow in a large-scale exhaust duct used for flue gas venting. The estimated measurement uncertainty was less than ± 3.5% and considered contributions from instrumentation, degree of mixing, and repeatability of the method. This level of uncertainty demonstrates that the method can be applied as an independent comparison or quality check for other flow measurement methods in large exhaust ducts or flow conduits.