Generation of dark solitons in Er-doped fiber laser based on ferroferric-oxide nanoparticles

The study presents the dark solitons generation in Er-doped mode-locked fiber laser based on ferroferric-oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The D-shaped fiber deposited with Fe3O4 nanoparticles is used as the birefringence and nonlinearity device. The dark solitons with repetition rate of 13.5 MHz are obtained in the pump power of 350 mW. The bright-dark soliton pairs are also observed by properly adjusting the polarization state at the pump power of 400 mW. The results in this paper demonstrate that Fe3O4 nanoparticles are the promising materials for generating dark solitons in fiber lasers.