Preconcentration and determination of titanium in tap water, geological and sunscreen cream samples by CPE-FAAS method

In the presented research, a cloud-point extraction method has been used for the preconcentration of trace amounts of Ti(IV) after complex formation with cupferron (phenyl-nitroso-hydroxylamine ammonium) using Triton X-114 as the surfactant. The chemical variables affecting the phase separation and the signal of flame atomic absorption spectrometry were optimized. At pH = 3.0, preconcentration of the analyte content sample in the presence of 0.07% (w/v) Triton X-114 and 8.6 × 10−5 M cupferron enabled the detection limit (3Sb/m) of 0.01 µg/mL Ti(IV) and linear range 0.03-3.00 µg/mL to be achieved. The enhancement factor and preconcentration factor were 37 and 30 respectively. The relative standard deviation by repeated assays of six separate solution of 0.67 µg/mL Ti(IV) was also obtained 3.9%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of Ti(IV) in tap water, sand, feldspar, and sunscreen cream.