Research on Location Characteristics and Algorithms based on Frequency Domain for a 2D Underwater Active Electrolocation Positioning System

Weakly electric fish has an ability to generate a low-frequency electric field actively to locate the surrounding object in complete darkness by sensing the change of the electric field. This ability is called active electrolocation. In this paper, we designed a two-dimensional (2D) experimental platform of underwater active electrolocation system by simulating weakly electric fish. On the platform, location characteristics based on frequency domain were investigated. Results indicated that surface shape of 3D location characteristic curves for the 2D underwater active electrolocation positioning system was convex upwards or concave down which was influenced by the material of probed objects and the frequency of the electric field excitation signal. Experiments also confirmed that the amplitude of the electric field excitation signal and the size of the probed object will only influence the amplitude corresponding to 3D location characteristic curves. Based on above location characteristics, we present three location algorithms including Cross Location Algorithm (CLA), Stochastic Location Algorithm (SLA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) location algorithm in frequency domain and achieved the task of the underwater positioning system. Our work may have reference value for underwater detection study.