Comparison between two different designs in the AC voltage measurement

In this paper, a comparison is done between two different techniques in measuring the AC voltage. The first technique is the single junction thermal voltage converters (SJTVC) which consist of one thermal element (TE) which its output e.m.f. in the range of 7–12 mV and the other is the new designed thermal voltage converters which consist of a number of TEs connected in parallel, series and series/parallel to increase their output e.m.f. (becomes in the range of 35–51 mV). The effect of increasing the output e.m.f. is studied in this paper through evaluating the uncertainty budget and proved that its increase has a great effect on the accuracy and the uncertainty of the AC voltage measurement.

► I compare between two designs which are different in their output e.m.f.
► New TVCs which have higher e.m.f. improve precision and uncertainty of AC measurement.
► Improvement is achieved by factor six to one than SJTVC.