Interoceptive awareness and unaware fear conditioning: Are subliminal conditioning effects influenced by the manipulation of visceral self-perception?

► We examine whether attentional set influences unaware fear conditioning. ► A spatial cueing task is used to install and measure conditioning simultaneously. ► Interoceptive attention is manipulated with a heartbeat detection task. ► Results show conditioning only when attention is set to interoceptive information. ► Attentional set might be crucially involved in developing unaware conditioning.