Analytical expressions for the circle of confusion induced by plane-parallel plate

This article provides a detailed theoretical analysis of the imaging properties of a plane-parallel plate, including exact formulas derived for the calculation of the ray aberrations and the wave aberrations induced by the plane-parallel plate and formulas for the 3rd and 5th order aberration. Formulas for a diameter of the circle of confusion are derived for both the 3rd and the 5th order aberration, as well as relations for optimal location of the image point and shape of the optimal image surface.

► Exact formula for the ray aberrations of the plane-parallel plate is given.
► Formulas for 5th order ray aberrations of the plane-parallel plate are given.
► Formulas for the circle of confusion induced by plane-parallel plate are given.
► Method for calculation of the optimal image surface is presented.