Economic viability in thermal retrofit policies: Learning from ten years of experience in Germany

► The actual average German domestic space and water consumption is 150-180 kWh/m2a (not 225 kWh/m2a). ► This would have to be reduced to 30-35 kWh/m2a to meet the 80% reduction target. ► Theoretical saving potential of retrofitting homes to EnEV standard is 33%. ► The economically viable potential of thermal retrofits in Germany is around 25% (instead of 80%). ► Policymakers should de-couple the criterion of economic viability from the 80% policy target.