A multi-period superstructure optimisation model for the optimal planning of China's power sector considering carbon dioxide mitigation

► We study the best form of carbon mitigation policy for China's power sector. ► We gain quantitative relationship between CO2 reduction goal and carbon tax policy. ► The “Surplus-Punishment & Deficit-Award” carbon tax policy is the best. ► Nuclear and renewable power and CCS can help greatly reduce CO2 emissions of the power sector. ► Longer objective period is preferred from the viewpoint of policy making.