From state-dominant to bottom-up redevelopment: Can institutional change facilitate urban and rural redevelopment in China

- “Three-renewal” is an institutional change to facilitate urban/rural redevelopment.
- The redevelopment has been property-led characterized by industrial land renewal.
- The institutional change has facilitated the renewal of state-owned industrial land.
- The institutional change has played a limited role in renewing collective-owned land.
- A more socially equitable and inclusive redevelopment goal has not been achieved.