کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
7464717 1484973 2018 11 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Applicability and relevance of water scarcity models at local management scales: Review of models and recommendations for Brazil
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
کاربرد و ارتباط مدل های کمبود آب در مقیاس های مدیریت محلی: مرور مدل ها و توصیه ها برای برزیل
کلمات کلیدی
ارزیابی تاثیر چرخه زندگی، کمبود آب، استفاده از آب شیرین، منطقه بندی، عوامل تعیین کننده، تنش آبی،
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه مهندسی انرژی انرژی های تجدید پذیر، توسعه پایدار و محیط زیست
چکیده انگلیسی
With water shortages increasing worldwide, several Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) models have been developed for assessing the potential impacts of water consumption (deprivation) on ecosystems and human health. Each model uses different water scarcity concepts, measurement scales, and indicators, resulting in distinct characterization factors (CFs) available for the same region over time. However, to date, no previous work has compared water scarcity models to identify those more suitable for countries outside of Europe, considering national hydrological divisions and environmental conditions. Furthermore, no previous studies have investigated the sensitiveness of background hydrological data, applied to calculate water scarcity CFs, in regions that historically experience water scarcity, such as the Brazilian semiarid region. This is important because global hydrological data may present high uncertainty and indicate low scarcity in regions that suffer with water scarcity issues. Therefore, this work initially evaluated midpoint models for water scarcity and recommended the most appropriate models for application at the Brazilian hydrographic division level, defined by the Brazilian Water Agency (ANA). A critical review of twelve midpoint models was performed based on four main criteria: (i) indicator broadness; (ii) scientific robustness; (iii) availability of CFs for Brazil; and (iv) regionalization potential of CFs for ANA geopolitical hydrographic divisions, considering the availability of national data. Each criterion was given a score of 1 to 5 for each analyzed model and a recommendation was made based on the final score, obtained by averaging the scores of each criterion. Results showed that the best-rated models were those that adopted the monthly Water Stress Index (WSI) and the AWARE index. Both models were robust, presented CFs at a monthly scale, and could be partially regionalized by applying national monitoring data available in national databases. Nonetheless, none of these models applied a broad water scarcity concept that encompassed both physical and economic water scarcities, nor presented CFs for the Brazilian hydrographic divisions. Furthermore, a case study was performed, comparing the CFs provided by AWARE and WSI with the regionalized values, which were calculated using national hydrological data. This case study focused on the São Francisco watershed and on the Rio Verde Grande, a smaller watershed belonging to the São Francisco, known for its historical water scarcity problems. The results of this case study showed that a finer regionalization scale and the use of local data allow to represent better the local water scarcity for sub-regions in comparison with the original watershed level, especially for semiarid regions. The approach proposed in this study for evaluating life cycle impact models at country level is new and may be applied in other studies, aiming to indicate models for specific world regions.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Environmental Impact Assessment Review - Volume 72, September 2018, Pages 126-136
نویسندگان
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