Case study of a grid connected with a battery photovoltaic system: V-trough concentration vs. single-axis tracking

Photovoltaic systems (PVSs) combined with either some form of storage, such as a battery energy storage system (BESS), or direct load control, can play a crucial role in achieving a more economical operation of the electric utility system while enhancing its reliability with additional energy sources. At the same time, it is also important to use cost-effective PV solutions. In this context, a low-concentration PVS (CPVS) is analysed as a feasible alternative. This paper, present a case study of a complex PVS, composed of two PVSs, a storage system (BEES) and an inverter that allows the system to operate in both the island and grid-connected modes. The first PVS, is a 2.76-kWp single-axis tracking system (azimuth) with modules facing south and tilted 30°, while the second PVS is a dual-axis tracking system, rated 860 Wp, consisting of a concentrator at the flat mirrors (DoubleSun® Four). The system is installed on the roof of the main building of the “ITIS Marconi” school (Italy). A detailed description of the system is provided, and preliminary operating data are presented and discussed. The efficiencies of the PV systems are calculated and measured to evaluate the cost effectiveness of a low-concentration system.

► PV systems with sun tracking and concentrators (CPVS) can reduce the cost of energy per kWh produced.
► The V-trough low-concentration system solution is compatible with flat PV module technologies.
► Optical, thermal and electrical models are needed to forecast real power production.
► The description of a PV grid connected system with batteries, a one-axis tracker and CPV photovoltaic system is presented.
► Outdoor measurements of the generating system are provided and discussed.