Multi-sources model and control algorithm of an energy management system for light electric vehicles

This paper presents the multi-sources energy models and ruled based feedback control algorithm of an energy management system (EMS) for light electric vehicle (LEV), i.e., scooters. The multiple sources of energy, such as a battery, fuel cell (FC) and super-capacitor (SC), EMS and power controller, DC machine and vehicle dynamics are designed and modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The developed control strategies continuously support the EMS of the multiple sources of energy for a scooter under normal and heavy power load conditions. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed and compared with that of the ECE-47 test drive cycle in terms of vehicle speed and load power. The results show that the designed vehicle’s speed and load power closely match those of the ECE-47 test driving cycle under normal and heavy load conditions. This study’s results suggest that the proposed control algorithm provides an efficient and feasible EMS for LEV.

► An energy management system (EMS) is developed for a scooter under normal and heavy power load conditions.
► The battery, FC, SC, EMS, DC machine and vehicle dynamics are modeled and designed for the system.
► State-based logic control algorithms provide an efficient and feasible multi-source EMS for light electric vehicles.
► Vehicle’s speed and power are closely matched with the ECE-47 driving cycle under normal and heavy load conditions.
► Sources of energy changeover occurred at 50% of the battery state of charge level in heavy load conditions.