Vibration treated carbon electrode for highly efficient hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells

We employ a novel vibration technique to improve the arrangement of the graphite and carbon black in carbon cathode, leading to increased contact sites of perovskite and carbon layer interface. By optimizing the vibration time acting on the prepared carbon layers, perovskite solar cells with 10 min vibration treated carbon counter electrode produce remarkable 22% enhancement in average efficiency than those without vibration treatment, improving average power conversion efficiencies from 8.50% to 10.37%.271