Enhanced relative permittivity in niobium and europium co-doped TiO2 ceramics

The appearance of colossal permittivity materials broadened the choice of materials for energy-storage applications. In this work, colossal permittivity in ceramics of TiO2 co-doped with niobium and europium ions ((Eu0.5Nb0.5)xTi1-xO2 ceramics) was reported. A large permittivity (εr ∼ 2.01 × 105) and a low dielectric loss (tanδ ∼ 0.095) were observed for (Eu0.5Nb0.5)xTi1-xO2 (x = 1%) ceramics at 1 kHz. Moreover, two significant relaxations were observed in the temperature dependence of dielectric properties for (Eu, Nb) co-doped TiO2 ceramics, which originated from defect dipoles and electron hopping, respectively. The low dielectric loss and high relative permittivity were ascribed to the electron-pinned defect-dipoles and electrons hopping. The (Eu0.5Nb0.5)xTi1-xO2 ceramic with great colossal permittivity is one of the most promising candidates for high-energy density storage applications.