The dependence of light-induced scattering and defect structure on the Li/Nb ratio of In:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystal

In:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were grown by the Czochralski method with various Li/Nb ratios of 0.94, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38 in the melt. The segregation coefficient of In3+, Ru4+ and Fe3+ ions were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The infrared transmittance spectra were measured to investigated the defect structure of In:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals. The light-induced scattering of In:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals was characterized quantitatively via the incident exposure energy method. The results show that the ability to resistance light-induced scattering enhanced with the increase of the Li/Nb ratio. The dependence of light-induced scattering on the defect structure of In:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals was discussed in detail based on the Li-site vacancy model.