Detection and Protection of Distributed Generation From Island Operation by Using PMUs

Smart microgrids are small modern centralized power systems which contain all constituents as large power systems (production - usually Renewable energy sources (RES); power storage systems; transfer - from the source to the consumer; consumers). The basic characteristic is that the microgrid contains distributed generation and it can be in the island operation or connected to a large power system. Detection and protection from island operation of distributed generation, or in fact, protection of microgrid based on synchronized measurement technology (SMT) requires hardware (Phasor Measurement Unit -PMU) and the appertaining software support. This paper presents the solution for protection from island operation of distributed generation based on SMT. PMU devices transfer measurements to the central controller, which by applying certain algorithms that provide an image of the distributed generation condition in real time, and also make adaptive protection. The focus of the paper is on software algorithm for detection of distributed generation (microgrid) island operation, but it is open for implementation of various applications.