Electrical and spectroscopic properties of LiF-Bi2O3-P2O5:TiO2 glass system

▶ LiF-Bi2O3-P2O5 glasses mixed with different concentrations of TiO2 were prepared. ▶ Electrical and spectroscopic properties were investigated. ▶ Optical absorption and luminescence studies indicated that bismuth ions exist in Bi5+ and Bi3+ states. ▶ D.C. conduction is explained on the basis of small polaron hopping model and the conduction is adiabatic in nature. ▶ Ionic conduction seems to prevail over polaron hopping in the glasses containing TiO2 more than 2.0 mol%.