Large-scale printing synthesis of transition metal phosphides encapsulated in N, P co-doped carbon as highly efficient hydrogen evolution cathodes

CF@NPC-TMP (TM = Mo, Co, Ni, Fe) electrodes are prepared on a large scale by using inkjet printing. The NPC nanolayers, derived from phosphorus-containing ionic liquid, ensure abundant active sites, high conductivity and good stability of catalysts. These electrodes exhibit ideal HER catalytic performance over a wide pH range.193