ZnO nanowire based CIGS solar cell and its efficiency enhancement by the piezo-phototronic effect

The ZnO nanowires are introduced into the CIGS solar cells on both rigid and flexible substrates. The ZnO nanowire CIGS solar cells still exhibit very good photovoltaic performances. More importantly, the PCE of rigid device can be modulated from 9.83% to 11.40% under external pressures, and the PCE of flexible device increases from 4.82% to 5.96% with adding external strains.247