High capacity Mg batteries based on surface-controlled electrochemical reactions

The total stored charge in Mn3O4-based cathodes was demonstrated to stem from a combination of capacitive processes and interfacial reactions involving electrolyte solvents, both closely related to the Mg complexes at the electrode/electrolyte interface. By utilization of this surface-limited charge storage mechanism, the capacities were significantly enhanced in Mn3O4-graphene based nanocomposites with tailored morphological features, compared to the Mn3O4 nanoparticles.317