Aging characteristics and strengthening behavior of a low-carbon medium-Mn Cu-bearing steel

We describe here the aging characteristics and strengthening behavior of a low-carbon medium-Mn Cu precipitation-strengthened steel. Atom probe tomography (APT) was employed to characterize the evolution of Cu-rich precipitates in terms of mean radius, number density and volume fraction. Aging at 500 °C and 550 °C for 1 h resulted in substantial coherent body-centered cubic (bcc) Cu-rich precipitates with mean radius of 1.35 and 2.59 nm, respectively. The precipitation strengthening mechanism for these two aging conditions was shearing mechanism and the corresponding strengthening contribution was ~ 266 and ~ 312 MPa, respectively. Here, coherency strengthening and modulus strengthening played a major role, while the contribution of chemical strengthening was relatively small. With increased aging temperature to 600 °C, the precipitates grew and coarsened to elongated shape with incoherent face-centered cubic (fcc) structure, and the strengthening mechanism was Orowan mechanism with a contribution of ~ 232 MPa. Increasing the aging temperature also facilitated the formation of retained austenite, which was of great benefit to plasticity without pronounced deterioration on precipitation strengthening. Ultra-high yield strength of 1020 MPa with superior total elongation of 25.8% was obtained in the sample aged at 600 °C for 1 h. The excellent mechanical properties derived from the combination of precipitation strengthening by Cu-rich precipitates and plasticity effect of retained austenite can be considered as a design principle to simultaneously optimize strength and ductility.