Grain refinement in beta-solidifying Ti44Al8Nb1B

► Ti44Al8Nb1B solidifies via beta phase in the form of dendrites. ► Boride precipitates with/without OR with beta can inoculate alpha from prior beta. ► Boride having OR with beta inoculates Burger alpha. ► Boride having no OR with beta inoculates non-Burger alpha. ► Grain refinement is achieved via beta-to-alpha solid phase transformation.