High-purity synthesis of helical carbon nanofibers and application for energy devices

Helical carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) are spiral-shaped carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with coil and fiber diameters in the range of 500-1900 nm and 200-500 nm, respectively. The unique three-dimensional structure of HCNFs has induced many researchers to apply HNCFs in electronic engineering as well as mechanical engineering. HCNFs have been almost entirely grown using chemical vapor deposition with hydrocarbon feedstock gases. In this article, we review the history, classification, high-purity synthesis, and application of HCNFs.